According to Primary Source - How Would Descartes Define Scientific Method?

Through out the centuries people have always being curious about the world around them, and have being wondering about what their surroundings were made of. Modern science has helped us understand our environment. Employment of scientific method makes modern science superior than ancient schools of thought. Rene' Descartes, a French philosopher Mathematician, and scientist who lived from 1596 to 1650 have being credited to a great extent with the development of the scientific method. Descartes method suggests that in order to arrive at groundwork for a structure of thought, commonly accepted knowledge must be abandoned, because it relies on the subjective nature of the senses. Descartes believed that, framework need to be established on a solid foundation. He expressed this belief in Meditation book.

Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. He was educated at the Jesuit. Unlike some other philosophers and scientist he relied on logic and math in his reasoning. Descartes "deduced and additional principle, the separation of mind and matter." (Pp.454, Mind and Matter) According to Descartes, we each have within ourselves the criterion for truth and knowledge. Although he does not reject the idea of God as a creator, he suggests, "using the mind or human reason, the path to certain knowledge, and its best instrument, mathematics, humans can understand the material world because it is pure mechanism, a machine that is governed by its own physical law."

Descartes image of world and human beings were so close together yet at the same time very different. Nothing was in its true form yet it exists; human beings acquired the knowledge but did not have it in its true form. In order to understand the knowledge we had to know what it means, acquired knowledge would make our life easier. When you walk out you are bombarded by images moving cars, houses, roads, people, animals and nature, but in what form do they exist? What purpose do they serve? How can we prove these things exist, in order to understand Descartes suggested all things must be first tested with scientific method then by geometry assuming that the subject we are testing prove to exist in its true form?

"I suppose, according, that all things which I see are false (fictitious); I believe that none of those objects which my fallacious memory represents ever existed; I suppose that I possess no sense; I believe that body, figure, extension, motion, and place are merely fictions of my mind. What is there, then, that can be esteemed true? Perhaps this only, that there is absolutely nothing certain."

He believed that the responsibility of obtaining knowledge rests on the individual. "His separation of mind and matter allowed scientists to view matter as dead or inert, as something that was totally separate from themselves and could be investigated independently by reason." He believed that in order to obtain knowledge, there must be a rational method for reaching the truth, and the use of the senses, or any experience cannot be a reliable source. "First was to accept nothing as true. The second, to divide each of the difficulties, the third, to arrange my thoughts in order, beginning with things the simplest and easiest to know, so that I may then ascend little by little, as it were step by step." Descartes also believed that this rationality is universal, and therefore, the same for every individual. He believed that innate ideas existed within everybody, and in order to test their certainty, his reasoning method, referred to as methodological doubt, must be used as a tool for distinguishing ignorance from knowledge. " I found myself entangled in so many doubts and errors that, as it seemed to me, the endeavor to instruct myself had served only do disclose to me more and more of my ignorance."

Descartes also believed that geometry represented the ideal source of knowledge. He believed that as geometry "all the things we humans beings are competent to know are interconnected in same manner, and that none are so remote as to be beyond our reach or so hidden that we cannot discover them." According to Descartes mathematicians were the only ones to fined the truth. He suggests that other scholars lacked scientific methods. Descartes obtained knowledge by doubt. This system resembles the, geometric system are self-evident principals which are clear and distinct that they could not be doubted, and therefore accepted as certain and undoubtedly contents of knowledge. He also believed that for true knowledge of external things belongs to rational mind alone, not the mind and body. To learn more about Descartes on Mind and Matter, I recommend Journeys Through Philosophy by Nicholas Capaldi.

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